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31 - Gallium post-transition metal

Discovered by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875

Gallium

Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature).
Shell Electrons Orbitals
1 2 2 in 1s
2 8 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p
3 18 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d
4 3 2 in 4s + 1 in 4p
GalliumGa Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 9 Electron 10 Electron 11 Electron 12 Electron 13 Electron 14 Electron 15 Electron 16 Electron 17 Electron 18 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3
69.72  u Atomic Mass
1.8  Å Atomic Radius
2477  K Boiling Point
1.22  Å Covalent Radius
5.91  g/cm³ Density
41 Electron Affinity
1.81 Electronegativity
6  eV First Ionization Energy
302.91  K Melting Point
4 Number of Shells
3 Electron Valency
31 Atomic Number
2, 8, 18, 3 Electron Shell Occupations
0.37  J/(g K) Specific Heat