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41 - Niobium transition metal

Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801

Niobium

Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum.
Shell Electrons Orbitals
1 2 2 in 1s
2 8 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p
3 18 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d
4 12 2 in 4s + 6 in 4p + 4 in 4d
5 1 1 in 5s
NiobiumNb Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 9 Electron 10 Electron 11 Electron 12 Electron 13 Electron 14 Electron 15 Electron 16 Electron 17 Electron 18 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 9 Electron 10 Electron 11 Electron 12 Electron 1
92.91  u Atomic Mass
2.1  Å Atomic Radius
5017  K Boiling Point
1.64  Å Covalent Radius
8.57  g/cm³ Density
88.52 Electron Affinity
1.6 Electronegativity
6.76  eV First Ionization Energy
2741.15  K Melting Point
5 Number of Shells
41 Atomic Number
2, 8, 18, 12, 1 Electron Shell Occupations