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32 - Germanium metalloid

Discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886

Germanium

Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.
Shell Electrons Orbitals
1 2 2 in 1s
2 8 2 in 2s + 6 in 2p
3 18 2 in 3s + 6 in 3p + 10 in 3d
4 4 2 in 4s + 2 in 4p
GermaniumGe Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4 Electron 5 Electron 6 Electron 7 Electron 8 Electron 9 Electron 10 Electron 11 Electron 12 Electron 13 Electron 14 Electron 15 Electron 16 Electron 17 Electron 18 Electron 1 Electron 2 Electron 3 Electron 4
72.63  u Atomic Mass
1.5  Å Atomic Radius
3106  K Boiling Point
1.2  Å Covalent Radius
5.32  g/cm³ Density
118.94 Electron Affinity
2.01 Electronegativity
7.9  eV First Ionization Energy
1211.45  K Melting Point
4 Number of Shells
4 Electron Valency
32 Atomic Number
2, 8, 18, 4 Electron Shell Occupations
0.32  J/(g K) Specific Heat